复杂载荷作用下立管触地段损伤管道的动力响应     

代云云  周晶  李志刚 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(1):145-153

触地段(Touchdown zone, TDZ)是在役钢悬链线立管(Steel catenary riser, SCR)的关键部位,在复杂载荷作用下,极易形成损伤缺陷,其载荷寿命的评估是深海结构工程中的一个关键问题。本文以大型有限元软件ABAQUS为平台,运用损伤管道实体单元与土弹簧阻尼单元相互作用的模型模拟触地段损伤海底管道在复杂载荷作用下的动力响应,数值计算考虑了管-土相互作用过程中的材料非线性、几何非线性以及接触非线性。讨论了单一环向体积损伤位于触地段管道的不同位置时,触地段损伤管道在不同载荷作用下的动力特性及特征点的动力响应。结果表明,管道所受内外压力以及管道提升端的竖向位移载荷会影响结构的自振频率;体积损伤部位的动力响应较完好部位更剧烈;体积损伤的位置和动力载荷频率对管道动力放大系数的影响很大;当动力载荷的激励频率越接近结构基频时,损伤管道的动力响应及动力放大系数越大。  相似文献   

An ensemble approach for the analysis of extreme rainfall under climate change in Naples (Italy)     

Roberta Padulano  Alfredo Reder  Guido Rianna 《水文研究》2019,33(14):2020-2036

In the present paper, an ensemble approach is proposed to estimate possible modifications caused by climate changes in the extreme precipitation regime, with the rain gauge Napoli Servizio Idrografico (Naples, Italy) chosen as test case. The proposed research, focused on the analysis of extremes on the basis of climate model simulations and rainfall observations, is structured in several consecutive steps. In the first step, all the dynamically downscaled EURO‐CORDEX simulations at about 12 km horizontal resolution are collected for the current period 1971–2000 and the future period 2071–2100, for the RCP4.5 and the RCP8.5 concentration scenarios. In the second step, the significance of climate change effects on extreme precipitation is statistically tested by comparing current and future simulated data and bias‐correction is performed by means of a novel approach based on a combination of simple delta change and quantile delta mapping, in compliance with the storm index method. In the third step, two different ensemble models are proposed, accounting for the variabilities given by the use of different climate models and for their hindcast performances. Finally, the ensemble models are used to build novel intensity–duration–frequency curves, and their effects on the early warning system thresholds for the area of interest are evaluated.  相似文献   

乌加河地震台地电阻率干扰形态识别     

刘伟  柴宁娇  张国清  石伟  王树忠 《地震地磁观测与研究》2019,40(3):64-69

选取乌加河地震台2015-2018年地电阻率观测资料，分析数据异常变化，结合观测环境及实地调查，发现存在降雨、雷电、金属管线、农田灌溉、设备漏电等影响因素，对比分析并总结各类干扰曲线形态、变化幅度、影响时间、干扰频次等特征，以便正确认识并排除地电阻率干扰，为地震异常信息识别提供帮助。  相似文献   

1850年以来呼伦湖沉积物无机碳埋藏时空变化     

张风菊  薛滨  姚书春 《湖泊科学》2019,31(6):1770-1782

湖泊沉积物碳埋藏及其驱动机制是陆地生态系统碳循环及全球变化研究的热点问题之一,但以往湖泊碳循环的研究大多局限于有机碳,较少考虑无机碳的地位和作用.我国干旱-半干旱地区湖泊众多、无机碳储量丰富,在区域碳循环过程中的作用日益突出,因此探讨这些地区湖泊沉积物无机碳埋藏变化对深入理解区域碳循环具有重要意义.本研究通过对内蒙古高原呼伦湖15个沉积岩芯样品无机碳含量(TIC)的测定,结合沉积岩芯210Pb、137Cs年代标尺,分析了1850年以来呼伦湖无机碳埋藏速率时空变化,并揭示了影响呼伦湖无机碳埋藏的主要因素.结果表明,1980s之前,呼伦湖无机碳含量总体维持在相对稳定的低值,1980s之后开始快速增加,且近百年来呼伦湖平均无机碳含量在不同湖区差异不显著.1850年以来呼伦湖无机碳埋藏速率变化范围约为7.10～74.29 g/(m2·a),平均值约为36.15 g/(m2·a),且大体上可分为3个阶段,即1900s以前相对稳定的低值阶段、1900s-1950s期间的快速增加阶段以及1950s以来的波动增加阶段,各阶段无机碳埋藏速率平均值分别约为10.40、26.29和41.00 g/(m2·a).空间上,呼伦湖无机碳埋藏速率整体表现为中部高、南北两端低的分布格局,这可能与湖心水动力条件相对稳定,有利于碳酸盐沉积有关.此外,呼伦湖无机碳埋藏速率与湖区温度变化呈显著正相关,而与周边人类活动影响关系不明显,表明在未来全球变暖背景下,呼伦湖无机碳埋藏速率将进一步增加,湖泊在区域碳循环中的作用将更加显著.  相似文献   

中国重点产业创新产出时空分异及影响因素     

王彬燕  王士君  田俊峰  浩飞龙 《地理研究》2019,38(2):259-272

采用Mann-Kendall、Theil指数、空间马尔科夫链等方法,对1994-2014年中国十大重点产业创新产出时空演化进行分析,并对创新发展空间分异成因进行了探讨。研究表明：① 研究期内,中国重点产业创新产出分为两个时段,成果呈指数型增长;② 创新产出差异先增后减,东、中、西、东北板块间差异小于板块内部,创新产出发展呈现出传染扩散与等级扩散的双重特征;③ 邻域环境影响创新发展,创新产出水平发生类型转移的单元集中在东、中部地区,且活跃度不断提升;④ 经济社会与政策条件、高等教育基础条件对重点产业创新发展有明显的正向驱动作用,而工业化程度影响微弱,未来加强对高等教育基础与智力资本的投入可进一步增强重点产业创新发展竞争力。  相似文献   

基于DEA-TOBIT模型的我国港口业 上市公司经营效率研究          下载免费PDF全文

郭鹏  温艳萍 《海洋开发与管理》2019,36(1):107-113

文章利用DEA-TOBIT两阶段法,对我国17家港口业上市公司2011—2016年经营效率及影响因素进行了测算和分析,并运用Malmquist指数对我国港口业上市公司的经营效率变化进行动态分析。研究结果表明:从静态效率分析,17家港口上市公司综合效率值相对较高,但维持在产出不变的情况下,港口公司投入仍有相对的节能空间;从动态效率上看,在研究期内17家港口上市公司的全要素生产率总体呈下降趋势,技术水平下降和规模效率的降低是造成全要素生产率降低的主要原因;从效率影响因素研究来看,总资产周转率、资产收益率、股权集中度和上市时间与港口经营效率呈正相关,企业的资产负债率对港口经营效率呈负向影响,企业的规模大小对港口经营效率的影响不明显。最后,根据实证结果,提出了科学合理的融资渠道组合,提高港口企业资产周转率;不断提升企业自身管理水平,科学控制企业规模;积极把握时代发展需求,加大企业技术创新,实现港口创新型驱动发展;大力建设港口组合,合作共享,协调发展等对策建议。  相似文献   

针铁矿对湖泊草、藻来源可溶有机质的非均质吸附     

章奇  居琪  李健欣  曹驰程  江和龙  张晖 《湖泊科学》2020,32(4):1041-1049

为探究富营养化湖泊中自生源可溶有机质(DOM)在泥水界面的吸附行为,以马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)和铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)释放的DOM为代表,考察针铁矿对草、藻源DOM中不同组分的吸附特征.三维荧光平行因子分析表明类富里酸组分C1和类胡敏酸组分C4的含量很低,而类蛋白物质(类酪氨酸组分C2和类色氨酸组分C3)分别占草、藻源DOM荧光组成的70%和93%. 2种DOM均可被针铁矿吸附,吸附过程符合伪一级动力学.通过等温线拟合发现针铁矿吸附藻源DOM的非线性更强,饱和吸附量(23.77 mg/g)高于草源DOM(19.10 mg/g).特别地,类蛋白组分呈现非线性吸附,而类腐殖物质的吸附近似线性,且针铁矿对于DOM各荧光组分的吸附量顺序为:C3C2 C4 C1,此非均质吸附特征与DOM组分的初始含量、分子大小、芳香性及有效吸附位点有关.红外光谱证实氨基、羧基和羟基是吸附过程中的重要官能团.因此,草、藻源DOM显著改变了针铁矿表面的有机物质组成,影响湖泊沉积物的生物地球化学行为.  相似文献   

Formulation of risk-targeted seismic action for the force-based seismic design of structures     

Jure Žižmond  Matjaž Dolšek 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(12):1406-1428

A risk-targeted design spectral acceleration and the corresponding seismic design action for the force-based design of structures is introduced by means of two formulations. The first one called direct formulation utilizes the seismic hazard function at the site of the structure. Because the seismic action defined in the codes is often associated with a designated return period, an indirect formulation is also introduced. It incorporates a risk-targeted safety factor that can be used to define a risk-targeted reduction factor. It is shown that the proposed formulations give analogical results and provide an insight into the concept of the reduction of seismic forces for the force-based seismic design of structures if the objective is defined by a target collapse risk. The introduced closed-form solution for the risk-targeted reduction factor can be used to investigate how the target collapse risk, the seismic hazard parameters, the randomness of the seismic action, and the conventional parameters (ie, the overstrength factor and the deformation and energy dissipation capacity) affect the seismic design forces in the case of force-based design. However, collaborative research is needed in order to develop appropriate models of these parameters. In the second part of the paper, the proposed formulations are demonstrated by estimating the risk-targeted seismic design action for a six-storey reinforced concrete building. By verifying the collapse risk of the designed structure, it is demonstrated that the risk-targeted seismic action, in conjunction with a conventional force-based design, provided structure with acceptable performance when measured in terms of collapse risk.  相似文献   

琼东南盆地深水区松南-宝岛凹陷反转构造带发育特征及油气地质意义   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨金海  杨希冰  周杰  甘军  宋爱学  江凡  杨璐 《海洋学报》2019,41(5):97-106

利用新三维地震资料对松南-宝岛凹陷反转构造带发育特征、形成期次进行研究，并从构造背景及力学机制两个方面探讨反转构造的成因机制。研究结果表明，松南-宝岛凹陷反转构造带主要发育一系列"上凸下凹"的大型褶皱背斜，伴生NWW向弱走滑断裂构造和NNW向张剪构造。反转构造及其伴生构造符合NEE右旋剪切应力场特征，形成时间与东沙运动一致，表明该反转构造带可能受晚中新世南海东北部东沙运动产生的右旋走滑应力场作用控制。反转构造有利于研究区圈闭的重建和改造，对琼东南盆地东部新区油气运移和重新优选分配的认识，具有重要的油气地质意义。  相似文献   

Access to electricity for all and the role of decentralized solar power in sub-Saharan Africa     

Kirsten Ulsrud 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2020,74(1):54-63

ABSTRACT

Several hundred million people in sub-Saharan Africa are at risk of being without access to electricity by 2030 despite the ongoing work aimed at achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 7—sustainable energy for all. Based on qualitative interviews, quantitative surveys, observation, and participation in Kenya and Senegal between 2010 and 2018, the author aims to explain why the rate of progress is slower than intended. The findings highlight three strong hindrances: lack of affordability due to extreme poverty, mismatch between the village-level outreach of grid-based electricity systems and the geography of settlements, and lack of consideration given to gender inequality. The findings also provide new insights into the ways that decentralized small-scale solar power increasingly meets some of the shortcomings of centralized grids in addressing these three issues, even in rural areas where grids are already present. The author concludes that the ways in which village communities have combined the use of solar-powered energy with grid-supplied energy indicates the importance of the former and the need to intensify efforts to improve solar power delivery models and integrate them fully in energy sector strategies.  相似文献